Later expeditions, 2012–2018 › Krakow

AHEYM-2017-002 · Kraków

Kraków (Kroke in the project's index) 2017-06-08 30 min · 9 stretches · 3 questions about words Yiddish 41% Polish 57%

Not online: the recording is held by the project and is not on Media Collections Online, YouTube or archive.org. Everything below is a paraphrase of a machine transcript, the weaker of this site's two transcript layers — see how it was made.

Summary

Camera recording in Krakow (Kroke), 8 June 2017, with an elderly man born in Lwów (Lemberg) in 1922, who speaks mostly Polish and some Lemberg Yiddish. The index gives no name. He reads aloud a Polish certificate from the Jewish Historical Institute, shows a medal and family photographs, and talks about his family and marriage. He then tells in Polish about his Lwów years: the ghetto, hiding with a Polish family, Red Army service, and the return to Lwów in 1945. Kerler asks him to speak Yiddish and explains the two speakers' Yiddish to each other.

Stretches

00:00–02:29

The man reads aloud, in Polish, a certificate from the Jewish Historical Institute (Żydowski Instytut Historyczny). It says he was born on 22 November 1922 in Lwów, was persecuted as a Jew from 1941, was confined in the Lwów ghetto and hid with a Polish family, the Siemaszkiewicz family (?), in a place whose name is unclear. Kerler and a second person comment on the document.

Recitation during the war Personal informationGhettoHiding and rescuePhotographs and documents · Lwów, Lemberg

02:29–05:45

Kerler confirms that the man was born in Lemberg in 1922. The man tells how in Warsaw a Yiddish editor, Professor Mastowicz (?), asked him to set up an office in Krakow to distribute German compensation money to Jews. He explains the proof required: documents or two witnesses and a notary. He then reads in Polish the letter from the association of Jewish veterans that came with a medal marking the 50th anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Kerler wants to photograph the medal.

05:45–10:47

The man shows documents, the medal and photographs, among them a picture received in Moscow and a photo of himself and his wife taken 65 years ago. He identifies his two sons and shows photographs from his life, including one from the occupation. Kerler praises the pictures and the man asks him to speak Yiddish so that his wife, who is present, can understand.

10:49–14:18

The man explains that the woman in the Moscow photograph, a doctor, was his cousin, her mother being his father's sister and her father his mother's brother. He invited the two doctors to Krakow and bought them clothes for his son's wedding. He says he completed secondary school and economics courses and was director of a fur-lining factory, with his wife managing a shop for it. Kerler explains what the lining was used for, namely fur coats and winter hats.

14:18–15:49

The man says he speaks Lemberg Yiddish and understands Kerler's Yiddish only when it is slow. Kerler answers that both speak Yiddish, one Lemberg and one Hasidic (or different) in kind, and that they should talk to each other. He promises to speak more slowly.

Informal Yiddish language and dialect · Lemberg

15:34–19:31

They discuss family relations and photographs. The man shows a nephew, Matiya (?), who lives in Israel, and a second son, whose name is given as Efrayim (Fredek in Polish, also Fridrik). Kerler asks for the Polish equivalents of the sons' names. The man says the photo was taken in Israel, shows an album of his life and asks that it be viewed slowly.

19:24–22:20

Kerler asks, in Polish, whether the man knew the actress Ester Gruber (?); he answers that he was 17 when the war began and had never been to the theater. He recalls Friday-night Sabbath evenings at home and his father's blessing over the cup. During the occupation he tried to forget his Yiddish so as not to give himself away. He recalls the Polish family who sheltered him and an old family maid who exchanged flats with his family when the ghetto was set up.

22:20–26:17

After the war the man returns to Lwów and is told by the former maid, called aunt Jadwiga, that nobody survived. He sleeps on the floor of an empty flat and gets soup at a Jewish soup kitchen, where he meets a relative. To avoid being seen as a deserter he reports to the Red Army, which assigns him to a chemical-warfare unit. He serves until 9 May 1945 and, aged 23 (?), asks his colonel for release and is released with a pass.

during the warafter the war Liberation and returnArmy serviceFamily historyGhetto · Lwów, Berdeń (?)

26:14–30:09

Back in Lwów, the man learns that a sister (?) had been there and that relatives live at Balonowa 6. He finds them, and an aunt (Pepka (?)) recognises him. He is kissed, goes to the baths and starts to be glad to have family. At night a policeman arrives and asks for a residence permit; he is taken to a school and held with detained thieves and prostitutes. In the morning the officer, whom he knew from delivering literature, takes him home for breakfast and offers a sister's address. Partway through Kerler asks for the account in Yiddish.

after the war Liberation and returnFamily historySoviet system · Lwów, Balonowa, Łokietka

Questions about words

  • 11:09
    What was she called in Yiddish (the doctor from Moscow, the cousin)? — the Yiddish name of the woman in the photograph
  • 17:37
    What is Efrayim called in Polish? — the Polish form of the name Efrayim
  • 18:49
    What is Matiya called in Polish? — the Polish form of the name Matiya