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MDV 93 · Professor Rabbi Istvan (Rafuel Moshe) Doman

Budapest, Hungary 21 June 2007 Interviewed by Dov-Ber Kerler, Ildi Kovacs Part 1 of 2 61 min · 13 passages

One conversation with Professor Rabbi Istvan (Rafuel Moshe) Doman, continuing over MDV 93, MDV 94.

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Passages

0:00

Doman provides personal information and talks about his family. His father was born in a village situated in the Hajdu county. Doman's mother was born in Verpelét.

From the machine transcript

Kerler opens with the date and place of the interview. Doman gives his Yiddish name and his father's name, Eliyahu. He says his father was born in a small village in Hajdú county, about two hundred kilometres from Budapest, and his mother Sarah was born in Verpelét. The talk also touches on the meaning of the word "county" (komitat) and its Romanian parallel.

The passage also covers Kerler's opening announcement and the discussion of the word "komitat".

3:49

Doman discusses his childhood memories, living in Budapest. He states that he began speaking Yiddish as a yeshiva student. He also addresses his family. Doman's father, a rabbi, went to the Frankfurt yeshiva in Germany. Doman states that his father's family spoke Yiddish, whereas his mother's family spoke Hungarian.

From the machine transcript

Doman recalls his childhood. He did not speak Yiddish until he entered the yeshiva, and his mother spoke only Hungarian. His father spoke Yiddish well and studied at yeshivas, including in Frankfurt, where he received his rabbinical diploma. Both of Doman's grandmothers spoke Yiddish. He explains that his mother's generation grew up absorbed in Hungarian culture.

The passage also covers language use in the grandparents' generation.

7:04

Doman addresses his yeshiva education in Verpelét, in the Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg county 9:35, Dorog and Galánta (today in Slovakia). He began to study in 1937 and studied until the age of eighteen.

before the war Religious education · MCO
From the machine transcript

Doman says he entered the yeshiva at age thirteen, after his bar mitzvah, in 1937, and stayed until he was eighteen. He had learned German at school but no Yiddish. His first yeshiva was in Verpelét, his mother's birthplace; he then went to Bicske (?) and to a yeshiva in western Hungary whose name is unclear. The passage ends as the interviewers bring up his book about the yeshiva world.

The passage also mentions the yeshiva in Bicske (?) and the book he wrote on the yeshivas.

11:28

Doman speaks about his publication "Secrets of yeshivot" about the history of Hungarian yeshivot.

From the machine transcript

Doman discusses his book on the Hungarian yeshivas, whose title refers to their secrets. It has not been translated into English. He wrote it because nobody had described daily life in these yeshivas. He then mentions the yeshiva in Galánta, now in Slovakia, whose four rabbis were killed in Auschwitz. He says Jews from the countryside were deported there and few returned.

13:20

Doman speaks about the yeshivot rabbis and their fate during World War II. He then speaks about the daily yeshiva routine and teaching schedule. Doman also addresses the cheder (religious school) system in prewar Hungary. Doman describes how the students ate on a daily basis, before he addresses the differences of the yeshivot he attended. Doman maintains that students also attended lessons in the afternoons and they went home during vacation. Doman then explains the tutoring system among students.

during the warbefore the war World War II (general)Religious educationFood · MCO
From the machine transcript

Doman describes the yeshiva day, from rising early through prayer, breakfast and Talmud study until the midday meal, plus afternoon and evening sessions and a Friday examination. He compares the cheder system, in which children began Humash at about six. He explains the system of eating "days" with different families, and Kerler asks about the term and the word for beans. They discuss the one Sephardic (Hasidic) yeshiva and how it differed. They also cover prayer-text differences, student helpers who repeated the rabbi's lecture to younger students, and the prohibition on Hungarian books. Doman recalls a song learned from a Lithuanian-born student.

The passage also covers eating days with families, the study helpers, and the Sephardic yeshiva.

27:25

Doman recalls a Yiddish song about the Nazi occupation, he learned in the yeshiva at the end of the 1930s. He then addresses Yiddish dialects in prewar Hungary.

From the machine transcript

Doman recalls a Yiddish-Hebrew song about the Nazi occupation, which a Lithuanian refugee taught him in the yeshiva at the end of the 1930s. He then discusses Yiddish dialects in prewar Hungary. Lithuanian and Polish Yiddish were mutually intelligible, and Galician Yiddish was close to Hungarian Yiddish through migration. Kerler asks about the Yiddish of southern Hungary and the use of German mixed with Hebrew.

The passage also covers Lithuanian and Galician Yiddish and German as the language of Hungarian Jews.

31:15

Doman speaks about his family life before the war. He grew up as only child.

before the war Family history · MCO
From the machine transcript

Doman says that during holidays at home he sometimes spoke Yiddish with his father, while his mother spoke only Hungarian. He was an only child. Kerler talks about his own family, who were born in Moscow and left in 1971, and about relatives he lived with in Jerusalem.

The passage also includes Kerler's account of his own family's emigration.

33:19

Doman addresses Shavuot and Purim celebrations in the yeshiva. He then shares a Purim proverb and talks about Purim shpiels. Doman recalls children performing short Purim shpiels in the yeshiva.

From the machine transcript

Doman describes holiday observance in the yeshiva: students stayed over Shavuot to study and recite, and went home for Passover and the autumn holidays. He then discusses Purim and Hanukkah, noting that Purim was not a full festival and Hallel was not said. He recalls a Purim rabbi who could say anything, and Purim plays such as Joseph and his brothers, with funny scenes and singing. Kerler asks about a dreidel at the end.

The passage also covers Hanukkah and the Purim rabbi.

37:53

Doman describes a dreidel from his childhood, before recalling prewar Passover celebrations.

before the war ChildhoodPassoverOther holidays · MCO
From the machine transcript

Doman says that in Hungarian Yiddish the dreidel was called a trendele and describes it as having four sides. Kerler asks about a comic parody for Passover and Doman recalls something similar. Kerler then goes back to Moscow and the Jewish holidays there.

The passage also includes the aside about Moscow holiday observance.

40:37

Doman talks about religious education at the Rabbinical Theological Seminary during the Soviet period. Doman taught Talmud classes. Doman then addresses different yeshiva systems in the region and describes the strict teaching system.

after the war Religious education · MCO
From the machine transcript

Doman talks about teaching Talmud at the Budapest rabbinical seminary in the 1970s–80s, with students from abroad and from Hungary, taught in Hungarian and English. He says a seminary head named Scheiber (Adolf Scheiber?) knew no Yiddish. S2 tells an anecdote from Doman's book about someone praying in a different tradition, and they discuss the strictness of Hungarian yeshivas, including expulsion for reading Hungarian books. They also discuss the plan for a Jewish university and Kerler's summers in Jerusalem. Doman mentions siblings or relatives living in Israel.

The passage also includes the postwar seminary and Kerler's summers in Jerusalem.

51:23

Doman speaks about his family. He has relatives who live in Israel. Doman then addresses his education after he graduated from yeshiva. Doman studied at a secondary school until 1944.

From the machine transcript

Doman and Kerler talk about acquaintances in Israel and Moscow, and Doman sends greetings through Kerler. Kerler asks how Doman used Yiddish after the yeshiva. Doman says he went to gymnasium and was conscripted into a labor camp in 1944. He gives the Hungarian word and its Yiddish and English equivalents.

The passage also covers acquaintances in Israel and Moscow.

53:12

Doman talks about his life during World War II. He was a forced laborer. He then addresses his life and education after the war. Doman studied at the Rabbinical Theological Seminary, as well as university. Doman then speaks about postwar Jewish life.

From the machine transcript

Doman says he was in a labor camp. After liberation he began university studies in parallel with the rabbinical seminary. He says the observant Jews who spoke Yiddish in Budapest had mostly left for America, Israel and Australia. Kerler asks for a story about the old yeshivas, and Doman says he has too many to choose from.

The passage also covers emigration of Yiddish speakers from Budapest.

55:28

Doman shares an episode when he was attacked by antisemites on Shavuot before the war. He then describes the attire of observant Jews in Hungary.

before the war AntisemitismReligious life (general) · MCO
From the machine transcript

Doman tells a story from the Shavuot night before the war, when yeshiva students were attacked by antisemites on their way to the rebbe's house; one had his arm broken. A tall non-Jewish soldier on leave intervened, and he fled when he saw a bearded man in a black beaver hat, taking him for an angel from heaven. Kerler then asks about the beaver hat and the shtreiml, and Doman explains that Hungarian Jews wore the shtreiml only on Sabbath and holidays, borrowing the custom from Poland.

The passage also covers the beaver hat and the shtreiml.