The division was proposed from the catalogue's descriptions and the machine transcript, not stated by the catalogue (how).
The first part of the tape is a continuation of a formal interview with Maria Leibovna Kleyman. Kleyman answers a series of dialectological questions from the AHEYM Yiddish linguistic questionnaire.
Kleyman discusses her monthly pension in dollars and what she can buy with it, and answers a short question about a word for an enemy and the number two. Katz then asks whether she remembers a Yiddish song.
The passage also contains talk about her pension.
Kleyman talks about life today, before she talks about her life in the ghetto. In particular, she addresses the period in the Kasarulitser* woods, where her family stayed for three days to wait for her mother to recover. Kleyman explains how only people who could walk were allowed to cross over to Ukraine, whereas sick people were shot in the woods.
Kleyman says she remembers no songs, discusses how much money is needed to live decently today and compares it with her pension. Asked by Lemster about prayer in the camp, she recounts how her very ill mother was taken to Briceni, how the family waited three days in the Kasarulitser woods, and how only those able to walk could cross the bridge to Ukraine while the weak were shot. She tells of her grandmother Feyge's dream, which advised her mother on what to eat to survive, and of the cheap food they made.
Also covers her pension and cost of living today, and the grandmother's dream about what to eat.
Kleyman talks about her family and life today. She raised two sons and a daughter. Her husband was the breadwinner in her family. She then talks about “Jewish houses” in Lipcani and how Kleyman’s mother-in-law reclaimed her house after the war.
Kleyman explains that her grandmother used to lead the women's prayers and read from a women's Bible. She talks about her husband, a disabled veteran, and the children she raised, two sons and a daughter, and about her pension and loneliness today. She tells how after the war her mother-in-law reclaimed the family's Jewish house from the authorities after returning from the camp.
Includes grandmother's role as women's prayer leader.
The second part of the tape shows town footage of Lipcani. The team visits the old Jewish cemetery.
The third part of the tape is a formal interview with Iosif (Yosel) Matveyevich Shvartzman and his wife Raisa Aizekovna Shvartzman, born 1932 in Lipcani. The team sets up the interview with Iosif, born 1930 in Lipcani. He provides personal information and talks about his family. His father, a kosher butcher, and his mother, also a kosher butcher, were born in Lipcani. He grew up with three brothers and one sister.
Kerler and the team set up the interview with the Shvartzmans, discussing language and who understands Yiddish. Iosif gives his Yiddish name, Yosl, and says his father Matye, a butcher, and his mother Khave, who chopped meat, were both born in Lipcani.
Begins with the team setting up and a language discussion.
Iosif addresses his childhood memories and prewar Jewish life. He then talks about his education and discusses holiday celebration. He attended a religious school (cheder) and a Moldavian school. He recalls a class conducted in Yiddish twice a week.
Iosif answers Kerler's questions about childhood in Lipcani. He played with Jewish children in a town with many Jews and several synagogues, attended cheder under an old teacher named Shlomo, and later a Moldavian school with one Yiddish lesson several times a week. He says he remembers little of the holidays and foods, mentions Purim and Hanukkah money, and says he was too young for much.
Includes games and writers from Lipcani asked about.
Iosif talks about his life during the war. He was ultimately sent to the Bershad ghetto, where he was imprisoned for four years. Iosif explains how Jews from Lipcani were assembled in Briceni, sent to Ukraine for a few months, then Moldova for a few months, and finally to Bershad. He talks about how his father was shot in front of his eyes and his mother and brother died in the ghetto. Iosif was liberated in 1944.
Iosif tells of the outbreak of the war: Lipcani was burned, the family fled to Briceni, then moved through Ukraine and Moldova to the Bershad ghetto, where they stayed four years. His father was shot in front of his eyes by Romanian gendarmes, his mother and a brother died there, and he was liberated in 1944. Kerler also asks about a song about the Bershad ghetto.
Adds a question about a ghetto song.
Raisa talks about how she met Iosif, before he mentions his work as a sausage maker for forty years. He then talks about Jewish life after the war. Iosif recalls religious services and his traditional wedding in 1949.
Raisa says she met Iosif after both returned to Lipcani, and Iosif says he worked about forty years making Soviet-style sausage. Kerler tells them where the team members come from. Iosif describes how Jewish life continued after the war: a prayer house with a cantor, kosher meat, old people praying, and their traditional wedding with a chuppah and musicians.
Includes Kerler introducing the team's origins and the Shvartzmans' wedding.
Iosif returns to his life during the war. He recalls how his father was shot by a Romanian gendarme on the way to the Bershad ghetto. Iosif then explains how to play nuts and addresses non-Jews who spoke Yiddish.
Iosif returns to the war and says Romanian gendarmes beat the Jews in Bershad. He recounts that his paralyzed father was shot in 1941 on the way and that his brother Meir died there, naming brothers Meir, Velf and Shaps. He answers Lemster's questions about learning Yiddish, the game with nuts, and mentions that a non-Jewish master he worked with spoke Yiddish better than he did.
Includes the nut game and a non-Jew who spoke Yiddish.
Iosif talks about his traditional wedding and his work as a sausage maker. (41:00) He describes how he made “Jewish sausages.” Raisa then talks about their family and life today. They raised a son and a daughter. Their granddaughter lives in Israel.
Iosif is asked about his wedding food, then about making kosher and non-kosher sausages and pastrami; he keeps the recipe secret. Raisa tells of her children and the difficulties of life today, including fear of burglars and a daughter in Leningrad (?), a granddaughter in Israel, and a doctor son. Lemster discusses Yedinets and acquaintances with Iosif, and the team asks about the market.
Includes the sausage-making recipe talk and Lemster's chat about Yedinets.
Iosif talks about life before the war, in particular the market. He then talks about his family during the war and life in the Bershad ghetto. He remembers the beatings of Romanian gendarmes and how Ukrainians helped out the prisoners with food. He returned home from the Bershad ghetto with his sister and found their home burned.
Iosif describes the Lipcani market where Jews sold everything before the war, and the Bershad ghetto where Romanian and German guards beat Jews, but Ukrainians helped with potatoes and food. His mother died in the ghetto, and he returned to Lipcani with his sister Tsili to find their house burned. He mentions about ten thousand people in the Bershad camp, few of whom survived.
Adds the Lipcani market and the return home.
The formal interview with Raisa begins. She talks about her family during the war. She grew up with three sisters and brother. She lost family members in the Bershad ghetto and stayed on a pig farm in Obodovka beforehand. Raisa then talks about her life after the war. After her return to Lipcani, she worked as a cleaner until she got married at 17. She then describes Iosif’s work as a sausage maker.
Raisa begins her own interview. She recounts her family of five children, brothers and sisters who died in the camp or of hunger, and her father and brother shot by a German. She and her mother survived on a pig farm in Obodovka, and she describes the march to Bershad. After returning to Lipcani she worked washing floors and married at seventeen, and she describes Iosif's work making sausage.
Begins Raisa's interview.
Raisa talks about life today.
Raisa talks about life today: money lost in the currency changes, pensions, the children, and her son, a gynecologist, who runs a minibus business. Lemster then asks about Jewish holidays.
Raisa talks about prewar holiday celebration, including food customs, and her family. Her blind grandmother was burned in the ghetto. She then explains a recipe for gefilte fish and tzimmes, before Raisa talks about life today.
Raisa speaks about her mother and prewar home life; her blind grandmother Rivke was burned with other elderly people in the woods near the ghetto. She explains how to make gefilte fish (skinning, grinding with matzo meal, cooking two hours), cholent-like dishes and tzimmes with beans, and how Russian-speaking local intelligentsia came to eat at her home. She then talks about prices, pensions and the support she and Iosif receive from Hesed today.
Includes grandmother Rivke and the recipes for gefilte fish and tzimmes.