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Mikhail (Motya) Isaakovich Yerikhman

Sharhorod 15 July 2002 Interviewed by Dov-Ber Kerler, Dovid Katz, Jeffrey Veidlinger 77 min · 2 parts on 2 tapes proposed
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  1. MDV 658 0:00–38:55 · 39 min · not online — MCO
  2. MDV 659 0:00–38:31 · 38 min · not online — MCO
Passages
MDV 658 0:00–38:55

0:00

Yerikhman spoke Yiddish with his mother, but when she died in 1988, he had fewer people with whom to speak. His father (1913-1958) was a trader/merchant and fought in the war. In his own professional life, he worked almost entirely with Jews and spoke Yiddish at work, even with some of the non-Jews in Sharhorod. Yerikhman recalls Jewish religious services led by an old Jew in a private home where they kept a Torah Scroll and he was able to say Kaddish for his father. Yerikhman also remembers celebrating shabes (Sabbath) and eating traditional foods, such as yoykh (soup), gefilte fish and cholent. Yerikhman answers a series of dialectological and linguistic questions about the Yiddish language, during which he talks about the differences between the “accents” in his Yiddish and those of local Litvaks, who spoke differently. Yerikhman remarks that the Sharhorod cemetery, in addition to its two famous tsadikim (righteous men), is full of Romanian Jews who died from hunger and sickness, having been transported to the town during the war. The recording ends with Yerikhman expressing his political views about the current state of post-Soviet society, commenting on the differences between those who live in small towns and those who live in urban locales. He also talks about what he views as “Gorbachev’s mistake” in allowing emigration from the USSR, as too many Jews have left what was still a good life in Sharhorod.

From the machine transcript

Yerikhman talks about his parents. His father was a trader or dealer who went to the front, and his mother stayed at home with the children. After his father died in 1958 he went to an old man's small prayer room, said Kaddish for eleven months, and recalls the old man's Jewish books and a possible Torah scroll. He remembers Sabbath food (soup, fish, cholent) and then answers a long series of questions about Yiddish: Russian words to translate, greetings, words for non-Jews, a Litvak neighbor's accent, and the names of card games such as blandzh. He also speaks Yiddish with Jewish colleagues at work. Later he recalls his mother's brothers and sisters, some of whom are in Israel, the hunger of the war and 1947, his father's return, and his part in a Yiddish film made in Sharhorod. He mentions the cemetery with two tsadikim and Romanian Jewish deportees who died of hunger and disease. Near the end he turns to relatives in America and Israel, relations with neighbors, and Jews leaving for Germany.

The transcript adds his mother's siblings, the Yiddish film shot in Sharhorod, card-game names, relatives in America and Israel, and Jews leaving for Germany.

MDV 659 0:00–38:31

0:00

Yerikhman explains his views against emigration to Germany, Israel, etc. and why he is in love with his shtetl. His nephew Igor’ takes the team inside to look at and read from old religious texts. Scenes of Sharhorod and exterior of the synagogue. Yerikhman explains more about Jewish life in the shtetl as the team goes inside the synagogue (it is now a wine factory). More scenes of Sharhorod from the exterior of the synagogue. Screen goes black for a moment until it reveals Luda, his sister-in-law, inviting the research team inside Luda’s cafe-restaurant Dana (named after grandaughter). Dov-Ber Kerler explains to the camera that although Luda is not Jewish, she learned to speak Yiddish by talking with her mother-in-law. Luda understands most of the questions posed to her in Yiddish, but finds it easiest to respond in Russian. The research team meets and interviews “Bobe Klara” (Klara Lvovna Kurman), who was born in 1930 in Sharhorod. (Part 1 of 2. See MDV 660) Kurman speaks first of all about her family, including her grandfather Leyb the apothecary, her father Leyb the feldsher (born in Kam”yanets’-Podil’s’kyy, d. 1954), her mother Rivke (d. 1976) and siblings Boris, Etta and Misha. During the war, her family hid in a cellar in the house where she still lives. She remembers the Romanians and the Romanian Jews who came to Sharhorod during the war and how they paid for help.

From the machine transcript

Yerikhman argues against emigration, especially to Germany, saying people abroad struggle and that he is attached to Sharhorod, a Jewish shtetl, and answers Katz's questions about its future. The team then goes into the former synagogue, now a wine factory, with his nephew, who shows and reads from old religious books (a book of laments for Tisha b'Av, a handwritten letter, a kind of wedding gift); a man explains the building and the street. The team then sits in Luda's café-restaurant Dana, where Kerler explains that she learned Yiddish from her mother-in-law, and she and her family answer questions in mixed Yiddish and Russian about the town's Jewish population (a figure of 4,000 is mentioned), emigration, and her son Igor'. Finally the team meets Klara Kurman, who gives her name and her parents' names (father Leyb, a feldsher; mother Rivke), mentions her grandfather as an apothecary, and begins describing her work and hiding in a cellar during the war.

Adds the café scene with Luda's family, the discussion of Sharhorod's Jewish population and emigration, and Kurman's cellar and wartime work.

Questions put in this conversation

Items of the dialect questionnaire asked here; each link plays the moment.